Ngā Whakamahi o te Karaihe Porohita i roto i te Hoahoa o Roto

Matau ai te Kiri Whakamokotui: Te Whakaaetanga me nga Tauira

Ko te kiri whakamokotui, e rite ana ki te kiri whatiwhatia, he momo kiri tētahi e whakatupu ana i te wā ko te ahi ka whakawhanake ki te āhua whakamokotui, ka pūmau mai i te kiri tika o mua. Ka whiwhi tēnei whakahokia i ngā āhuatanga taketake, pērā i te mana moeke whakapai me te pai ake o te āhua. Ki te kore e tae rawa ki te kiri tika, ka taea te whakatipu i te kiri whakamokotui ki te wā ka taea e ia te hāngai ki ngā huringa hangarau me ngā huringa wharekura, nō reira ka nui te whiuwhiu. Ka whakaatu tēnei whiuwhiu i te roanga o ana whakamahi e rahi ana i waenganui i ētahi whenua.

Ko te kiri kāhui e whai ake ana i tēnā i tēnā hāpori, ā, ko ngā rorohiko, ngā waka, me ngā hanganga pūmanawa hoki. Ki roto i te hanganga whare, ko te kiri kāhui te nui rawa atu i te whakamahia mo ngā tahuhu whare, whakatupu mai i te uaua hou ake me te pai anō ki ngā whare. Ngaro nei hoki i te whakahaere i roto o ngā mahi whare mō te whakatupu i ngā paepae tuawhenua me ngā tūru rangapai, e whai ai i te huarahi me te pai. Ko te hāpori waka hoki e whai ake ana i te kiri kāhui, ā, e whai ake nei i te whakamahia mo ngā karu motokā me ngā matapihi whakamuri, kei reira ka tukua te pai o te hāpai huarahi me te haumanu. Apopo hoki, ki roto i ngā rorohiko whakamutunga, ko te kiri kāhui te nui rawa atu i te whakamahia mo ngā kanohi o ngā pōkemana me ngā rorohiko whakanuia, whakatau ai te tiaki i te maru me te pai ake o te katoa.

Mīharo o ngā Kiri Kāhui me ō Rātau Āhuatanga

Kei reira ētahi atu momo kiri kāhui nui rawa atu, ā, kei a rātau ngā āhuatanga kē kia whai mana hei whakarite i ngā whakamahi kē. Kōpara kākara he mōhiohia mōna tana āhuatanga haumaru whakapai e kī ana ki te rāngai whakaritorito e noho ai i te waehanga, me utu hoki hei tūranga motokā. Te karaihe ārai i whakawerahia ka mahi i te pora wera, me te whakatika i te rangitikataka o te kiriwhara, ka whai ake i te whitu ngahuru nga painga nui ake i te kiriwhara matua, me utu hoki mo nga taiao whakamaukau, pērā i nga tahaa whare me nga whatu. Kiriwhara hurihuri , kei reira hoki te ingoa "kiriwhara whakatika", e whai ake nei i te pai ake o te āhua, engari ka he mea whakatika, ka whai ake i te whakamahi mo nga kōwhiringa pai.

Ki te whakaatu i enei momo, te karaihe ārai i whakawerahia ka puta ake i te manaaki whanonga me te whanaketanga. Ko te whakamātau e kī ana ko te kiriwhara whakatika ka taea te whitiwhiti i te kotahi nui atu i te kiriwhara whakatika rānei, ko te kiriwhara whakaritorito. Hei tauira, ko tana manaakitanga i te kore rawekea i te whenua i te waewae nui, ka whai ake i te kiriwhara whakatika. Na runga i tēnā, ko te kiriwhara whakaritorito ka taea te tirotiro i te pai rawekea, ahakoa kua rawekea. Kiriwhara whakatika hurihuri he iti noa iho te whanonga kino, engari e mahi ana i te wā mo te āheinga whakangungu o te hoahoa me te mātātuhi nui. Ko te mōhio ki ngā taumata nei he kīwaha ki te karo i te tūranga pai mō ōu hiahia īngarangi, hei whakangungu, hei whakapai ranei.

Te Mahi Whai Take Mō Te Kiriwhara Hurihua

Ko te mahi whakawhitiwhiti i te kiri kōura, he mahi tūmatawhānui rerekē nā reira e tiakina ana ngā tohu ā-wāhanga me te pai. I te tuarua, ko te pane kiri pahikara e tīmata nei ki te whakapae ki runga i te putunga mete e hangaia ana i te huarahi kōura. I te waehanga o te tīmata, ka wera i te kiri i roto i tētahi ōhutu whakamahitahi, ā, ka u mai ki te wā e taea ai te whakarite. Kāore i te whakaaetanga tēnei etu ki te whakahaere i ngā wehewehe wera hei whakamana i te kiko kiri kia kaua e painga, ā, kia tika rawa te whakarite o te kiri. I te wā e kaua nei te kiri, ka tīmata te wāhanga whakatupu, kei reira ka huri ki te tirohanga o te putunga. Ki te kohinga, ka tautoko te whatumanawa i tēnei mahi, engari ki te wā o nāianei, ka whakamahia ngā huringa waho hei whakatupu i te kiri ki runga i te putunga. Ngā wā o te mutunga, ka wera whakamutu i te kiri, ka tahuri ki tōna huarahi kōura hou. Ko tēnei wā, e mōhiotia ana hei "annealing", he mea nui kia tino tika kia tūpato te rauemi, ā, kia mau tonu i tōna huarahi.

Nō muri whakaritorito ā-tau, kua nui ake ngā tūtono hou i te whakapakari i te whakato o te kura pūmau. Kua waihangatia ngā momo hangarau kawe kōwhiri hei whakawhanake i te mauhere, me te iti i ngā hapa e noho tika ana i ngā mahi ringa-ranga. Ahakoa, ngā whakamahinga hou i roto i te tatau pai o ngā taonga—hei tae atu ki ngā raraunga mōhiohio matua—e awhina ana ki te kite i ngā hapa awenga, e tūpato tonu ana kia haere tonu ai ngā kura pūmau pai ki runga i te rākau whakato. Ka whakapakari ngā tūtono hou nei i te whiuwhiu o ngā kura pūmau e whakapakareia ana, ka whakarite anō hoki i te mahi whakato, me te whakapai i te nohohu me te utu. Kei te tū manawa whē a ngā rangahau me ngā kaiwhakamārama i te whenua e tāpaea ana ngā tūtono hou e taea ai te whakapakari i ēnei momo whakato, ka tukuna mai he wā e whai take ana i te whakawehi o ngā tūranga mō te kura pūmau.

Ngā Whakaaetanga Utu mō ngā Whakauru Kura Pūmau

Kei ngā āhuatanga kēhi e whai wāhi ana i te utu mō ngā whakauru kiriwhara, pērā i te rahi, te momo, ā, ngā huringa hangarau hei whakamahere. He nui ake ngā waho me ngā huika e tirohia ana mō ngā pane kiriwhara rahi, e whai ake ana i te utu iho. Nā te wehenga i ngā whakahaere mahi me te whanonga pai o ngā rauropi, ka puta mai tētahi āheinga nui ki te utu, pērā i te momo kiriwhara—te annealed, tempered rānei, ko te laminated. karaihe āta whakairo ko ngā hangarau e hokinga ana i te āheinga ā-momo ki te āhua e pānuitia ana, ka whai ake i te utu nui, nā te hiahia ki ngā putunga matihiko me ngā tohu pai anō.

Ka tae ki te whakatau i te utu o te kiriwhara huri iho me te kiriwhara poroiti noa, ko te kitea nei ko te mea ko te kiriwhara huri iho ka nui ake te utu. Ko te take o te raru utu nei kei ngā mahi hanga tuarua e hiahiatia ana, pērā i ngā mahi wera taketake, ngā mahi hanga rauemi, me ngā mahi hūmanga. Ki te kōrero mai i ngā tangaemi whare hou, ka 15-30% nui ake te utu o te kiriwhara huri iho i te kiriwhara poroiti. Nā te mea, ko te whakangao moni i te kiriwhara huri iho ka tuku atu he painga ā-tuaroa me ngā painga whatitika, e mahi ai hei tūtohu whakaaweawe mō ngā matatika whare me ngā matatika hapahana e hiahiatia ana ki te pai ake o te whakaaturanga me te whanaketanga.

Ngā Pūtake Hāohāngi E Whai Ake Ana I Te Kiriwhara Huri Iho

Nā ngā hangarau hou i whakaretihia te whakamahi i te kiri kōura i roto i ētahi atu mahi, whakaatu mai i ngā mahi ingoa o te pūkaha me ngā rara pai. Kei te whaihua ngā mahi pērā i ngā Pā Karuwā o Baloney, e whakaatu ana i tēnei whakatupuranga, tuku i te hanga pūkaha tuatahi me ngā rara whai wawatetanga e tiaki i te whakanui; ko ēnei pā karuwā kei te mōhio mō tō rātou nekehanga pai ki runga i tētahi taiao e hiahia ana ki te whakamātau i te pai me te raruraru.

hangarau matatau Te taumata Hangarau Ngā rauemi roa Ngā taiepa karaihe Baloney

Ko ngā pā karuwā kōura e taea ana te whakaaturanga korewhai me te whakawhitiwhiti i te mā whēi ki ngā wāhi, whakaputa i tētahi wāhi kia miromiro, he pai rawa tēnā mō ngā kimi taiarahia. Ko te hanga hou, rorohiko e whakapai ana i te mōhiohio me te whakangahau pai i waenganui i ngā wāhi...

Kua whakaritea ngā whakaaro mō te hauma o ngā kaiwhakauru kiriwhara hurihuri i te whakatūhia o ngā matāriki e tino rangatira ana me ngā rautaki e āke noa i te pakanga. Kei runga hoki ngā kaiwhakauru pērā i ngā paneleti CdTe (Cadmium Telluride), e whai ake nei i te pai o te tahuhu o te waea o te rā me te tūpato hoki i ngā āhuatanga pakanga me ngā āhuatanga huarere, whakamana i a rātou hei whiringa tino pai mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te watea me te tiaki i te haumaru.

Haumarutanga rauemi kaha-nui Hoahoa whakaeke-kore CdTe ((Cadmium Telluride)

Ko te Silicon Matatini te mea nui e whai wāhi ana mo ngā paneleti waea o te rā, inaianei he pai rawa tōna tahuhu. Ko te silicon monocrystalline te mea e hirikona ana i waenganui i ngā momo māharahara, ka puta mai etahi iti atu hiko i roto i te wāhanga...

Ko ngā Pirene Whakahaukura Baloney he tohu nui mo ngā paerewa me ngā mahi pai o te whenua. Nā te wehewhetanga o ngā kaiwhakauru nei i te whakapakoko me te whakapono, ka tuku mai he haumaru anō hoki, ko tēnā pea he pai tēnei hei whakatakoto i waenganui i ngā tūmomo whakamahi e rahi ana, mai i ngā wāhitaua ki ngā wāhitangata.

Te taumata hangarau Te tiaki pono Te paerewa ahumahi Nga taiepa karaihe Baloney

He mārū huarahi kōhīna i te haumaru me te āhua nui. Ko ngā tirohanga kore pūmau āna, me te whitiwhiti kaiwawao i waenganui i ngā wāhi, whakatangata mai i ngā whare ki ngā wāhi porihanga me ngā tahuhu rerekē pēnei i ngā tahuhu whakamātau rānei...

Nga Painga o te Whakamahia Glass Hurihuri i roto i ngā Korowai Ahurangi o nāianei

Ko te glass hurihuri e whai ana i tētahi āhuatanga nui tonu i roto i te hanga korowai ahurangi o nāianei, whakaputa i tētahi wāhi kotahi me te raukura. Ki te taea e ia te hanga i ngā raraunga korekore, korepepe, koia nei he mea aroha i roto i te hanga whare ahurangi o nāianei, ka whakamahia āmioina hei mea whakamarama i ngā whare me ngā whare porihanga. Ko te whakamahana i te glass hurihuri e tika ana ki ngā tūtohu hanga o nāianei, kei reira ngā āhua takutaku me ngā āhuatanga iti whai take, whakapakari ai ngā taha matua me ngā taha whakahaere o tētahi wāhi.

Ko te aha nō reira i runga i ngā whakapakoko, e mahi ana ngā kara kūwaha i ngā painga matua hoki, pērā i te whakatipu wāhi me te tāhuhu o te māngai rākau ka huri. E āhei ana tana āhua mōhu hoki ki te whakauru atamai ki ngā taiao e toru tonu, me te whakamahere i te āhua o te whenua hei whakapai i te wāhi kua tae mai. No te mea hoki e taea ana e ia te whakawehenga o te māngai motuhake ki runga i te kara poraka, ka taea te whakapai i te māngai tuatahi i roto i ngā wāhi noa, ka heke i te hiahia mō ngā māngai hokohoko, me te whakangungu i te whakamahi o te wai.

Ngā Whanonga o Mua mō ngā Whakamahere Kūwaha Karu

Ko te tūroa o ngā whakamahi kikokiko hurihuri kei te noho hei whakaatu mai i ngā hunga hangarau e puta nei, pērā i te tuhi 3D, e whakataratara ana i ngā huarahi pai mō ngā momo hanganga ake. Nā ēnei whai wāhi hangarau ka tuwhera ngā ara mō te hanga i ngā whare whakairo kikokiko hurihuri nui ake me ngā rite hirahira atu i mua i te wā. Ki te whakamahi i te tuhi 3D, ka āhei ngā ararā me ngā whakairo ki te hīkina i ngā rautaki hou, me te pāpaku i ngā takoha tawhito i roto i ngā huatau, i te rahinga, me ngā whatanga, whakawhitiwhiti i te whenua o ngā whakahaere hanga e taea ana.

Ko te aha hoki, e anga ana te kiriware ki te hunga matatika i roto i te hanganga whare ka ora noa iho, nā tana pai raweke i ngā mahi ā-urunga ā-waihanga me tana kotahi tonu ki te whakahaerei i te waiū. Ki te āhei ai tēnei rauemi ki te whakapakari i te mōhiotanga o te ao rangi me te iti iho i te whakamaharatanga i ngā pūranga iwi, ka taka nui ki te pai raweke i te waiū. Nā te whiuwhiu ki te hanga ki te whakatakoto i ngā taiepa me ngā wharekura e kite ana ki tōna whenua, ka tautoko i ngā huringa kaupapa ka ora noa iho. Ki te nui ake te tono mo ēnei whakataunga ka ora noa iho, ka taea e te kiriware e anga nei te whakamana hei wāhanga matua i ngā kaupapa hanga whare i mua atu.